Vaporizer



Sept. 7, 1926. 15991131 w. H. HILL VAPORIZERY Filed March 22, 1925 A JTORNEYS Patented Sept. 7,1926

I 7 1,599,131 PATENT, OFFICE.

l WILLIAM H. ILn'or CANTON, omo.

p This invention relates to liquid fuel vaporizing'devices of the; kind disclosed in m riorUfS. Patents Nos. 1,436,099and 1,436,100, which} are particularly intendedfor completingv the volatilization of fuels which have been partly volatilized by;the action of a carburetor in which'the atomlzed fuel has been mixedwithits proper proportionof air to produce the desired explosive mixture. The. invention aimsparticularly to improve devices of the type disclosed in my prior. patents with respect tothe means for directing the unvolatilized portionsjof the fuel mixture against the heated portions of the surface of the vaporizer by which the vaporization or volatilization of these unvolatilized portions of the fuel is accelerated or effected} The invention; aims further so todesign the passagewaysfthrough' the va- @porizing apparatus. as to reduce to a minimum the resistance of. the apparatus to the passage Vof the. fuel mixture therethrough, 'while at the same time insuring themaximum action of ;;the apparatus in completing the'vaporizationof the fuel.

, Other objects and important features of the invention will appear from the following description and claimswhen considered in connection with the accompanying drawingstinwhichy Fig. 1 is a verticalelevation of a vaporizing; device involving the present invention;

'Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2.-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 isasection on the line ofv :Fig. 41s asectionaldetail showing the construction of the I helical vpassageway between the inlet and the outlet;

on the line 55 of Fig. 5 is a section 4 and Fig. 6 view illustrating the develop-.

ment of the crosssectional contour of the opening into the outlet 2. V j

The illustratedvaporizing device,' like that shown in my, Letters Patent No; 1,456,100 comprisesa vertical cylindrical casingor chamber-2 having a reduced lower end 4 con nectedto the-uppercylindrical part by a funnel-like portion Bethe lower end 4 ,ofthe casing or chamber being adapted to be located within an exhaust passageway 8111a casing 10 which maybe inserted in th e eami- I. V

her 2. portion 26 of the outlet 24: may be of any VAPORIZER.

y 1 Application mandrel; 22; 1923. Serial no. 626,777. 7

It will be noted that the cylindrical casing or chamber 2 is provided with aflange 12 seated in a corresponding recess or seat surrounding the opening in the casing 10 through whichthe' reduced lower part of the casing 2 extends. The reduced part 4 of the casing 2 has a threaded lower end 14: to receive a nut 16 by which the casings 2 and 10 are clamped together.

*As in the construction shown in my prior patentspthe reduced lower end at of the casing 2 is preferably provided with heat-col- .lecting flanges 18 to increase the heating action of .the exhaust passing over this part ofthe casing, the upper cylindrical part 2 of the casing being heated only by conducti'onfup the walls of the casing.

V The cylindrical chamber or casing 2 has at its upper ,end' an outwardly extending casing 2 and as asupport for a depending outlet tube'or pipe 24 preferably formedintegral witlithe cover and having its outlet opening into the chamber 2 flaredas shown v.at 26 to reduce the resistance to the passage .of the fuel mixture thereinto from the chain- The curve of this outwardly flared suitable character which will effect a reductionin the resistance of the tube to the entry of the fuel mixture thereiiito the illustrated curve, the development of which is shown in Fig. 6, being one ascertained by engineers at the U; S. Naval Academy to be possibly the most efficient for this pur- P f f The inlet into the chamber 2 for the fuel mixture coming from the carburetor is shown at 28 and, as shown particularly in Fig. 3 of the drawings, is arranged to di rect the incoming fuel mixture tangentially against the inner wall of the casing or chamugal action of the heavier portions of the fuel, which will naturallylbe the unvolatil- JZBd portions, will. cause them to strike against said inner surface and to adhere thereto and run down this surface which,

as above pointed out, will be heated by conduction from the lower part of the chamber, whereby the vaporization of these unvolatilized portions will be aeceierated both by the heat and by the spas-are t0 the to the inner wall of the casing 2.

To insure the maximum of vaporizing actionin a structure of minimum dimensions, with a minimum of resistance to --the passage of the fuel mixture therethrough, the fuel mixture is preferably confined to a helical passageway extending from the inlet 28 down the wall of chamber 2, between the wall thereof and the tubular outlet 24. As herein shown, this passageway is formed by providing upon the tubular outlet 24: anintegral helical tlang'eBO which extends between the tube 2% and the inner wall of the. chamber'Q when the tube with its attached fiangeis inserted within the chamber, thus defining with the tube and the inner wall of the chamber a helical passage which the fuel mixture is forced tov traverse between the inlet and theoutlet. For convenience in manufacture of the device the helicalfiange' 8O willalso have cast integral therewith a part 32 to engage the inner wall of the chamber 2 adjacent. to the inlet 28 so as to confine the incoming gases to the underside of the flange 30 at this point.

Although, theoretically, the heavier 'unvolatilized portions of the fuel mixture should be thrown by centrifugal action against the inner wall of the casing 2, it is sometimes found in practice that some of them will touch and adhere to the outer face of the tube 24' and run down this tube. Inasmuch as the tube 24 is not arranged to be'heated tothe extent that the wall of the casing 52 is intended to be heated, provision is preferably made for collecting these unvolatilized portions which move down the outer face of the tube 24: and direct them again tothe inner surface of the casing 2 to insure theircontact with the heated part of the apparatus and also'their subjection to the action of the air moving over this surface at a higher rate of speed.

In t-heillustrated device, the outwardly flaredslower end of the tube is provided with an upwardly turned rim or lip 34 which provides a channel extending, as shown in Fig. 5, from a point 011 the upper face of the helical flange 80 adjacent to the discharge end of this flange around the tube to a point on the underside of this flange slightly backof-the discharge end of the flange, the flange being provided with an oblique passage 36 extending from this channel to the edge of said iian 'e adjacent This passage 36'is preferably so directed through thevflange 30, which at this point is thickened somewhat to provide for the passage, that it opens, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, both-'atthe edge of-said flange adjacent to the inner wall of the chamber Qand in the end face and lower edge of said flange.

This apparatus, like that shown in my prior Letters Patent No. 1336,100 liereinbefore-referredto,has the'lower end 4 of the vaporizing chamber soarranged that it isheated to a much higher degree of heat than the upper part of said chamber whereby any ofthe less volatile portions of the fuel which may not be vaporized by the action of the heat of the upper part of the chamber and of the air passing thereover will be subjected to this more intense heat of the lower part of the chamber and thus raised to their temperatures of volatilization- Provision is preferably made for draining. off from the lower part 43; of the vaporizing chamber any liquid which may rem am unvaporized, even when subjected to the heat of this part of the chamber, and particularlyliquid which may accumulate in the chamber when trying to start the engine before the chamber is heated. To this end there is tapped into the lower end of the chamber a nipple 3S, itself-tapped to receive a cock or ball valve 40, the illustrated device being preferably a ball valve adapted to move to open position when the engine is not running and to be closed by suction of a the engine when it is running. With this construction, if an excessive amount of'unvolatilized fuel is d awn into the vaporizing device when trying to start the engine and the engine fails to start, the device will automatically drain itself and thus be in condition to operate'ef'fectively when the engine starts.

The operation of the'd'evice will readily be understood from the foregoing description. Ashereinabove suggested, the device is intended primarily for use between the carburetor and the intake of an internal combustion motor, the inlet 28 being connected to the carburetor and the out-let having at its upper end a flange 42 by which it can readily be'attached to the intake of the motor.

The fuel mixture coming from the carburetor and entering the inlet 28 will strike the inner wall of the upper cylindrical part 2 of the vaporizing chamber and any of the fuel which has not been vaporized by the action of the carburetor will tend by centrifugal action to strike against this wall as the fuel mixture follows the helical passage down the wallbetween the outlet tube and the inner face of the wall. This wall, as above pointed out, will be heated by conduction from the lower end of the chamber, the upper part of the wall being, of course, heated to a considerably lower temperature than the lower part whereby the part of the wall which is first encountered by the fuel mixture will be at a temperature which will not tend to crack the i re volatile portionsof'the fuel which may strike it, but will he ate. temperatu e which *ill facilitate thevolatilizationof these parts of the fuel.

As the fuel mixture travels down through the helical passage it will of course "come to parts of the inner wall oftheg'chamber 2 I which are heated to higher temperatures a nd the less volatile portions of the fuel, which may not have been volatilized int-he upper path of travel, will be subjected to these higher temperatures and theirvolatilization thus accelerated; v v

It will benoted that the apparatus'is so constructed that the particles of unvolatilized or unvaporized fuel'whichare thrown against the inner wall of the upperpart of the chamber 2 will bespreadout upon this wall surface and thussubjected to the'action of the air andfuelmixture rapidly traveling through the passage and that-even if they are not immediately vaporized and therefore run down to the flange 80, which constitutes the bottom of' this helical passageflthey will still be exposed to the action of the air and fuel mixture 'andearried along with it adjacent to the chamber wall to parts of the wall which are heated tohigher temperatures Moreover, if any of the unvolatilized 1 portions of the fuel adhere to the Outer surface ofthe-tube 24 they likewise will run down the tube until they strike the helical flange 30', when they will likewise'be'carried along with the air and fuel mixturev to the lower parts; of the passage, some of these particlesprobably, by centrifugal action, traveling across' the flange 30 to the ch'amber wall. Those that stall adhere to the tube24 and run I down the tube or follow theflange 30 in a path adj acent to thetubewillbe caught in the chan-V 'nel'formed by the, lip 34 and conducted around this channel :and through its discharge 36 to the inner face .of the chamber wall 2 where they will again "be subjected both to the action of the heat .of this wall surface and to the action of the air and'ga's mixture travelingiover it before entering the outlet into the tube 24.

a What I claimiasnewis: V

1 Thelcross sectionalarea ofthe inlet 28 is preferably the sameasfth'e crossrsectional area of the passage in the tube124, and the cross sectional area of the helical passage is also preferablythesame as the cross'sectional area of the inlet and of. the outlet tube.

Liquid vfuel "vaporizing apparatus adapted to be located between the-carburetor and intake of an internal combustion motor comprising in combination a chamber having ,a vertical cylindrical wall,an inlet near the-upper end of, said3wall for the air and fuel "mixture, an outlet near the lower end of saidwvall for said mixture, means for j positively'confining said air and fuel mixture :tofa helical path of" travel around and alongthe aXisOf said chamber as well 7 as down the wall thereof between said inlet and said outlet, and means for heating the lower end of 'thesaid ,chamber.

2. Liquid fuel vaporizing I apparatus adapted to be located between the carburetor and intake of an internal combustion'motor comprising in combinationa chamber having a verticalcylindrical wall, an inlet near the upper end of said wall for the air and fuel mixture, an outlet near the lower end of said wall for said mixture, means for positively confining said air and fuel mixture to a helical path of travel around and along the axis of said chamber and down the wall thereof between said 'inlet and said outlet, and means for heating directly only the lower end of said chamber.

3. Liquid fuel vaporizing adapted to be located between the carburetor and the intake of an internal combustion motor and comprising, in combination, a chamber having a vertical cylindrical wall, an inlet near the-upper end thereof, a coaxial'tubular outlet extending to near the lower end thereof, means positively defininga helical path for the atomized fuel apparatus 7 between said chamber wall and said tubular outlet from said inlet to the outlet opening,

p 4. Liquid fuel vaporizing apparatus comprising a chamber having an upright circular wall, an inlet'near the'upper end of said chamber directing the fuel tangentially against the said wall, a centrally arranged outlet opening into the chamber near'the lower end thereof, means for positively confining the fuel to a helical path'around and along the axis of said chamber and down said wall between said inlet and said outlet, said inlet, said helical-path and said centrally arranged out-let all having substantially equal cross-sectional areas throughout, and means for heating the lower end of said chamber; r

5 Liquid. fuel vaporizing apparatus comprising in combination a chamber having a vertical cylindrical wall, an inlet near the upper end thereof directing the fuel tangentially against said wall, a oo-axial tubular outlet extending down into said chamber to near the lower end thereof and having an outwardly flared opening into said chamber, means for positively confining the fuel to a helical path down said cylindrical wall between said'inlet and said outlet opening, and means for heating the lower end of said chamber said inlet, said helical path and said tubular outlet all having substantially equal cross-sectional areas throughout, 3 I 1 i 6. In a device of. the class described. a chamber having a vertical cylindrical wall,

tube depending therein to near the loweri end thereof, a tangential inlet for said chamber near the upper end thereof, means between said tube and the wall of van'outlet for said chamber comprising a i A) of said 1 chamber for positively confining the atomized fuel entering said inlet to a helical path about and down the inner wall of said chamber, whereby the unvolatilized portions of said fuel will be mostly thrown against said wall, and means for heating the lower end of said wall to a degree to-cause heat to be conducted up said wall-for facili tating the vaporization of the unvolatilize-d portions of the fuel thus striking said wall, said inlet, said helical path and said tube all having substantially equal crosssectional areas throughout. r

7. In a vaporizing apparatus adapted to be located betweenthe carburetor and the in take of an internal combustion motor, means foreifecting a centrifugal separation of the unvolatilized from the volatilized portions of the mixture received'from the-carburetor, comprising a cylindrical chamber having a central tubular outlet depending therein to near the lower end thereof, an inlet near the upper end thereof, and a positively defined helical passage between the wa l of said chamber and said outlet tube, of-a cross-sectional area substantially corresponding to the respective areas of the inlet and outlet cross sections, and means for so heating the lower end of said chamber that a substantial portion of theheat will'be conducted up the vertical walls thereof.

8. Liquid fuel vaporizing apparatus comprising, in combination, a chamber having a vertical cylindrical wall, an inlet near tube and directing them again to the chamber wall, and means for heating the lower end of said chamber.

In apparatus for completing the volatilization of a partly volatilized fuel in a fuel and air mixture, a chamber having a vertical cylindrical wall, means arranged to heat directly only the lower end of said chamber but in such manner as. to cause a portion of the heat to be conducted up said wall, an inlet near the upper end ofsaid wall for the fuel and air mixture, an outlet near the lower end, means for positively confining said air and fuel mixture to a helical path of travel around theaxis of said chamber and down the wall thereof bet-ween said inlet and said outlet, and means for collecting, and positively directing to said heated wall all particles of unvolatilized fuelseparat-ing from said mixture in its travel between said inlet and said outlet.

10. Liquid fuel vaporizing comprising, in combination, a chamber having a vertical cylindrical wall, an inlet near the upper end of said chamber, a coaxial outlet tube extending through the top and opening into said chamber near the lower end thereof, means for heating the lower end of said chamber in such manner the a portion of the heat is conducted up said cylindrical wall, means for confining the fuel and air mixture to a helical path down said wall between said tube and said wall from the inlet to the outlet, and means to collect any liquid particles of fuel which run down saidcoaxial tube and positively to direct them again to the heated chamber wall.

11. In apparatus for completing volatilization of a partly volatilized fuel, a chamber having a vertical cylindrical wall, a coaxial outlet tube extending through the upper end of said chamber and having anioutwardly flared opening into said chamber near the lower end thereof, an inlet into the space between said chamber-wall and said tube near the upper end of said chamber, an up-turned lip on said outwardly flared lower end of said coaxial tube for collecting any liquid fuel that may adhere to said tube, a conduit for conducting said collected liquid to said cylindrical wall, and means for heating the lower end of said chamber in such 'manner that a portion of said heat is conducted up said cylindrical wall. I

12. Apparatus for completing volatilization of a partly volatilized liquid fuel com-- prising, in combination, a chamber having a cylindrical wall provided with an inlet near its upper end, means for heating the lower end of said chamber in suelrmanner that heat is conducted up said wall, a coaxial outlet tube extending through the upper end of said chamber and having an outwardly flared opening into said chamber near the lower end thereof, means extending between said cylinder wall and said tube for confining the fuel to bevolatilized to a sub stantially helical path down said wall from said inlet to said outlet, and a channel about the lower end of said tube arranged to collect both the unvolatilized liquid that runs down said'tube and that which runs down said means adjacent to said tube and to direct said liquid to said cylinder wall.

Signed at New York city this 9th day of February 1923.

" 7 WILLIAM H. HILL.

apparatus 

